The Need for Stages of Cancer

Why are there stages of cancer? How many of these stages are there? Are they reliable? If the doctor says the tumor is at its final or last stages, what does it mean? These may be some of the questions you would be asking if you are or a loved one is diagnosed with the disease.

According to facts, there are two systems currently used to describe the stages of tumors:

• the Overall Stage Grouping or the 4 stages of cancer

• the TNM Staging System.

Staging actually depends on the type of cancer and the system your doctor will use. Most doctors use the 4 stages for most common types of cancer.

The different 4 stages describe how the disease has progressed or how developed it already is in your body by considering the characteristics of the tumor such as...

• the tumor size,

• how deep the tumor has penetrated the organ of origin,

• whether it is a benign tumor or a malignant tumor,

• if it is malignant, has it affected the nearby and distant organs, and

• whether it has metastasized and if it has, how many lymph nodes are affected.

The Importance of Stages of Cancer

The stage of your tumor at the time of your diagnosis is the most powerful predictor of your survival. Prognosis and treatment depend largely on the different stages the tumor is in. This is the reason why staging is done and why your doctor must know what stage your tumor is in.

But bear in mind that although the stages of cancer may be very important in the prognosis and treatment, it is not everything. Prognosis and treatment also depend on 3 things such as...

• your overall health,

• your own preference of treatment, and

• results of tests done on cancer cells in your body

Do all cancer types have stages? Surprisingly, not all types do. Staging can't be used in most types of leukemia because the disease involves the blood and it doesn't form tumors. Examination of the tumor is an important step in determining the extent and the depth of the cancer.

Staging is a complicated process that involves two necessary stages to get the data about the tumor. These are:

the clinical stage

this is based on ALL information gathered about the tumor before it is surgically removed. This includes data from endoscopy, physical exam and radiologic exam.

the pathologic stage

this provides more information about the tumor after it is removed and is examined under a microscope by a pathologist.

This is usually regarded as the "true" stage because the data used came from direct examination of the tumor while in the clinical stage, data came from examination of the tumor when it was still inside your body.

Which stage is more important?

Both stages are important because sometimes a tumor isn't treated with surgery and so, a pathologic staging is not possible.

And also sometimes a tumor is treated with chemo or radiation before it is removed. The chemo or radiation would shrink the tumor so when it is removed and examined, the findings may not be accurate.

How important is precise staging? Very important because proper and effective treatment is dependent on staging. Incorrect staging may lead to inappropriate treatment.

But do you know that precise staging can be hard to achieve? The level of precision or correctness depends on two things: the pathologist and the tissue from the tumor.

It can happen that the pathologist may overlook the cancerous cells from the healthy cells. Also, what is examined under the microscope is not the whole tumor itself.

Only some slices of the tissue are and it can happen that the slices of tissue the pathologist looks at don't contain the cancerous cells.

But here's a good news: Experts are now developing new methods of staging that are more sensitive to rule out the chances of underestimating the real stage of your tumor.

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